![]() Much like spoiled milk, the fermentation of raw milk occurs due to various species of lactic-acid-forming bacteria, a small percentage of which are considered probiotics and may offer minor health benefits ( 3). On the other hand, sour milk often refers specifically to unpasteurized, raw milk that has begun to naturally ferment. Most of these bacteria aren’t considered health-promoting and could make you sick ( 2). Spoiled milk usually refers to pasteurized milk that smells and tastes off due to the growth of bacteria that survived the pasteurization process. The terms spoiled and sour are often used interchangeably to describe milk that has gone bad, but there may be a subtle difference between the two - depending on who you ask. You know your milk is spoiled if it has an unpleasant odor or taste or changes texture. Milk spoils due to an overgrowth of bacteria that compromises its quality. If it doesn’t smell off, try a small sip before pouring a full glass or adding it to your cereal. If you’re unsure whether your milk has spoiled, start by sniffing it. ![]() The rate at which milk spoils depends on many factors, including the number of spoilage bacteria present, temperature at which the milk has been stored, and light exposure ( 1). It may begin to develop a slimy, chunky texture and dingy, yellow color. With enough time, the texture and color of milk that has spoiled will change as well. The taste also begins to change, as the natural sweetness of fresh milk is quickly replaced by a somewhat acidic or sour flavor. The scent is hard to miss and gets stronger with time. When milk begins to spoil, it develops an unpleasant, rancid odor. ![]() Over time, these small bacterial communities can multiply and eventually cause your milk to spoil. Plus, once you open a carton of milk, it’s exposed to additional bacteria from the environment. However, pasteurization doesn’t eliminate all types of bacteria. The pasteurization process kills many of the most harmful strains of bacteria known to cause foodborne illness, including E. Since the late 1800s, the vast majority of commercially produced milk is pasteurized. Spoiled milk is the result of an overgrowth of bacteria that compromises the quality, flavor, and texture of milk.
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